The main menu's have been refreshed with the ones for shopping removed. In the future they may return as I do intend to sell kits of the projects on these pages but the time required to do that is something that I do not have at the moment. Menu names have been re-done to shorten them in most case and.....

The hardware required to build an Audio circuit suitable for the DACAudio library is quite simple, here's the parts list; ESP32  (Library only supports this at present) PAM8403 Audio Amplifier board (other amplifiers will probably be fine) 10K Resistor 1K Resistor 4 or 8Ohm speaker (rated 3Watts or larger) 10K Logarithmic potentiometer (Usually sold as 10K Log Pot) Various wires.....

If you've not built the hardware yet then see this previous article otherwise read on to do some preliminary tests on the circuit. Testing your DAC Hook up a voltmeter to GPIO pin 25 of the ESP32. This is the output of DAC1. The ESP32 has two DAC’s whose outputs come out on GPIO25 and GPIO26.  Enter the code below.....

DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter) audio is a way of producing realistic sounds using digital equipment (or computers to you and me!). In this sequence of articles we will explore the DACAudio library for both ESP32 and Arduino systems (at time of writing only ESP32 supported but Arduino will come). Sound - A Beginners Introduction Sounds are just vibrations, our.....

In these episodes we use the ESP32 DAC or a DAC board for other MCU's (i.e. Arduino) to produce sound. Use the menu's above ("Basics->Audio->DACs for sound") to choose a page of interest......

This video introduces the latest update to the DACAudio library by demonstrating its synthesis capabilities. It's at a basic stage at the moment so no release of the code yet, but shows how easy it is to play musical scores with the various instruments available......

This page is now depreciated and these articles have been replaced with new, see the menu "Basics->Audio->Dacs for Sound". In the previous article on playing WAV's (Digitised speech/sound on ESP32 – Playing Wavs) we introduced a library for easily playing short WAV files on an ESP32 but it was warned that the library used was subject to change and indeed it.....

The quick read : use only simple globals in ESP32 Interrupts do not use objects! The longer read below... As part of my sound module (to be used first in the Frogger build) I have to use interrupts as a necessity. In addition I like to work in OOP when I can, I enjoy the style of that type of coding.....

A supporting video is available to this article, click below: When pupils investigate wave properties they usually use a ripple tank which come in various forms and sizes. One of the most convenient are the smaller self contained tanks that project the shadow of the waves onto a top screen. There downside is perhaps their size. With these you.....

Build of a frequency counter for an educational portable ripple tank used to investigate properties of waves. These do not usually come with frequency counters......